Athena is the goddess of wisdom, strategic warfare, and craft (crafts of the city, weaving, and the arts) [S1][S2][S4]. She is born in a remarkable and unique way: from the head of Zeus, fully grown and armored, after Zeus swallowed her mother Metis (the goddess of cunning) when pregnant, on the advice that their child would surpass him [S1][S4][S5]. (In the Theogony her mother is Metis; the Iliad names her mother as Metis too, though a variant gives Dione — a minor discrepancy we note.) [S1][S2] She is the patron deity of Athens (the Parthenon was her temple), and her rivalry with Poseidon over the city's patronage is one of the founding myths of Athens — she gave the olive tree and won [S5][S6]. She is the protector of heroes (Odysseus, Perseus, Theseus, Odysseus's son Telemachus), and she is associated with reason, law, and the city-state (polis) [S2][S3][S6].